A simulation-based analysis of tritanopia colour perception for inclusive colour design

Abstract

This study examines colour perception under simulated tritanopia (blue-yellow colour vision deficiencies) conditions to support inclusive colour design within the built environment. While inclusive colour design principles have gained significant attention, academic research has predominantly focused on accommodating red-green colour vision deficiencies, leaving tritanopia relatively under-addressed. To address this gap, a simulation-based analysis was conducted using the Munsell Color System as a standardised framework for evaluating colour perception. Ten Munsell hue charts were analysed under normal colour vision and simulated tritanopia conditions using the Coblis colour vision deficiency simulator. A systematic comparative analysis was performed to identify changes in hue and chroma across the colour samples. Based on the observed perceptual transformations, inclusive colour scheme design guidelines were developed through the integration of colour harmony theories and the functional roles of colour in the built environment. The findings reveal distinct hue shifts and diminished saturation in specific colour regions, which can impair visual discrimination and information recognition. By translating these perceptual characteristics into practical colour scheme recommendations, this study provides a framework for designers seeking to enhance accessibility, legibility, and visual effectiveness for users with diverse colour vision capabilities.